Figure 2 shows the reconstruction together with the CentralEuropean temperature record smoothed over 15 years boxcar. The remarkable agreement suggests the absence. Download v. 0. 7. Uploaded. net Download v. DropBox Download v. Google Drive If you dont mind ignoring a couple of advertisements, please. The odd case of spontaneously shattering bathroom glass Jo. Nova. This used to be black glass, now its a sinkless, shattered crazed basin and bench. Who knew tempered glass could suddenly fracture and in some cases explosively We have a bathroom basin and countertop of moulded thick black glass. For about five years it was happy, then late one night this week, for no reason, it shattered the sink fractured into 1. The countertop crazed from end to end even tossing a few cubes of cracked glass up to two meters away. Jsy4jwyc_Q/0.jpg]];var lpix_1=pix_1.length;var p1_0= [[1000' alt='Crack Ets 2 V 1.9.22' title='Crack Ets 2 V 1.9.22' />Luckily no one was in the room. The new white dusty look was created by the crazing pattern, which slowly continued for the next few hours. We could hear the odd crackling noise every now and again as the last of the tempered tension in the glass ebbed away. Even far corners away from the sink broke off. It turns out this is a natural, rare phenomenon. Exploding shower screens, shelves, sinks, car windows, and patio tables Apparently this is probably due to a manufacturing fault that may lie unseen for up to thirty years before triggering. More below. On one old discontinued site there are some 3. There is a mainstream news video and story here. One four year old needed hospital care after a shower screen shattered, though luckily, people rarely get hurt, but it is disconcerting, and its easy to imagine how this could end very badly, especially in glass towers far above the ground. Many people report that it sounds like a gunshot or car backfiring. So some people thought their house was being invaded rather terrifying, I would think, others feared someone shot at them, or they were victims of a stray bullet. Some hunt for spent bullets, and a quite a few other poor sods got very spooked, wondering if their house was being occupied by angry spirits. Think poltergeists and ghosts. The most common words posted were Im so glad I found this thread. Tempered glass and the rare Nickel Sulphide intrusion. The best explanation is that a manufacturing defect leaves tiny traces of nickel sulfide as an intrusion. The problem has been known about since the 1. The flaw can trigger any time without warning, though most events occur in the earlier years. There is an excellent discussion at The Achilles heel of toughened glass by Dr John Barry The reason for all the trouble is a delayed phase transformation in nickel sulphide. Nickel sulphide crystals have a high temperature and a low temperature form. The dense crystal form at high temperature swells on cooling to make a less dense crystal form at low temperatures. In ordinary annealed glass nickel sulphide inclusions do not cause problems because the transformation occurs as the glass is cooled slowly during manufacture. However, the transformation is sluggish and when glass is rapidly cooled as part of the toughening process, the nickel sulphide remains trapped in its high temperature form until some years later when its transformation breaks the glass. Swain found that the high to low temperature transformation results in a 4 expansion of nickel sulphide, so that inclusions larger than 6. There is a distinctive butterfly pattern in the cracksBut other things can cause this too. This scientific review by Jacob estimates 6. There isnt a lot we can do, though a process called Heat Soaking might help but its destructive, costly, and probably not worth doing, except for overhead tempered glass. Dr John Barry explain the lengths people have gone to, to find a way to detect the flaws detection of inclusions is quite challenging because they are so small. When spontaneous fracture does occur the majority of inclusions found at the initiation of failure are between 1. And in some cases inclusions as small as 7. A digital image of 3 m. Gbytes of data storage. A photographic method developed in a partnership between the University of Queensland and Resolve Engineering was used to examine 4. Brisbane building in 1. Using this process, which is known as the photoglass process, 2. Used to be a basin. The frequency which varies from batch to batch but it is rare. It has been estimated that in normal float glass production Ni. S inclusions occur at a frequency of about one per 8 tonnes of raw glass 4. Oracion A Santa Lucia Patrona De La Vista here. It has been estimated that 1 gram of nickel sulphide can produce approximately 1. Consequently, it does not require too much contamination to produce a serious problem. A recent survey in Sydney showed that out of the 4. Ni. S induced fracture problem. A review of 8 proven Ni. S problem buildings in Australia with a total of 1. Ni. S induced panel failures over a 1. This equates to a failure rate of 1. A local toughening plant monitored its production over a 5 year period. All the reported Ni. S induced failures were recorded and it was found that they had a total of 1 Ni. S induced failure for every 4. Anyhow, Im looking for a stone bathroom countertop now. REFERENCESDr Leon Jacob 2. A Review of the Nickel Sulphide Induced Fracture in Tempered Glass, Glass Processing Days, 1. VN F 1. 9. 2. 21. Rating 9. 71. 0 5. The odd case of spontaneously shattering bathroom glass, 9.